วันเสาร์ที่ 15 สิงหาคม พ.ศ. 2558

คำแนะนำเล็ก ๆ น้อย ๆ เกี่ยวกับการ study & search แกรมมาร์

สวัสดีครับ
       วันนี้ผมมี ebook  Access Grammar 1-4 : Test Booklet  มาฝาก 
      หนังสือเล่มนี้ เป็นข้อสอบ Grammar แบ่งออกเป็น 4 ส่วน คือ Access 1 (250 ข้อ), Access 2 (250 ข้อ), Access 3 (300 ข้อ) และ Access 4 (300 ข้อ)   รวมทั้งสิ้น 1,100 ข้อ, ข้อสอบแต่ละข้อสั้น ๆ ตัวเลือกตอบมีเพียง 3 คือ A, B, C และมีเฉลยตอนท้ายของแต่ละส่วน  เนื้อหาของแกรมมาร์ที่ทดสอบเป็นระดับพื้นฐาน
       ท่านผู้อ่านครับ  ผมขอให้ข้อสังเกตเกี่ยวกับการฝึกภาษาอังกฤษผ่านการทำข้อสอบ grammar สักนิดนะครับ คือเมื่อเราทำข้อสอบแต่ละข้อ ถ้าเราแน่ใจว่าเราทำได้ถูกต้อง  ความแน่ใจนั้นน่าจะมี 2 ประเภท
ประเภทที่ 1 เราแน่ใจว่าเราทำถูกต้อง  แล้วก็รู้ด้วยว่า มันมีกฎเกณฑ์อะไรที่ทำให้เลือกตอบอย่างนี้ 
คนที่รู้สึกอย่างนี้มักจะอ่านตำราแกรมมาร์มาเยอะจนแม่นยำ-จำได้
ประเภทที่ 2 -  เราแน่ใจว่าเราทำถูกต้อง   แต่ไม่รู้แม่นว่ากฎเกณฑ์ของมันคืออะไร หรือเราจำกฎไม่ค่อยได้  พูดไม่ได้ อธิบายไม่ได้  แต่เรารู้ว่าต้องเลือกตอบอย่างนี้แหละ  รับรองว่าถูกต้องแน่ ๆ  ถ้าตอบอย่างอื่นมันทะแม่ง
คนที่รู้สึกอย่างนี้ อาจจะไม่ได้อ่านตำราแกรมมาร์มามากนัก พูดง่าย ๆ ก็คือไม่แม่นกฎ   แต่ว่าอ่านภาษาอังกฤษมาเยอะ ฟังมาเยอะ และคุ้นเคยกับภาษาอังกฤษที่เขียนหรือพูดถูกต้องตามหลักเกณฑ์  แม้จะอธิบายไม่ได้ว่าหลักเกณฑ์มันคืออะไร  แต่ถ้าไปเจอการเขียนที่ผิดหลักเกณฑ์จะรู้สึกทะแม่งทันที  ถ้าเราไปถามคนพวกนี้ว่า อ่านตำราแกรมมาร์เล่มไหนจึงทำข้อสอบได้ถูกต้องเยอะจัง  เขาอาจจะตอบว่า ก็ไม่รู้เหมือนกัน ทำไป... เดาไป...แต่การเดาของเขานี้มาจากต้นทุนที่สะสมมาเรื่อย ๆ จากการอ่านและฟัง
       ในความรู้สึกส่วนตัวของผม  วิธีรู้แกรมมาร์ที่ดีที่สุด คือรู้อย่างประเภทที่ 2   และเสริมด้วยการอ่านตำราบ้าง(ไม่ต้องเครียดนัก)ตามประเภทที่ และถ้าพูดกันจริง ๆ แล้ว การทำข้อสอบแกรมมาร์ผิดบ้างบางข้อ ก็ไม่ใช่เรื่องคอขาดบาดตายอะไรนักหนา   เพราะบางเรื่องแม้เต่ฝรั่งด้วยกันเองก็อาจจะยังเถียงกันอยู่   เช่น  การใช้ he - they  หรือ แม้แต่เรื่องง่าย ๆ เช่น ระหว่าง sit in a chair กับ sit on a chair ใช้อย่างไหนถึงจะถูกต้อง (ดู ลิงก์ 1ลิงก์ 2 ) ก็ยังมีเรื่องพูดได้ยืดยาว
       ebook  Access Grammar 1-4 : Test Booklet ที่ผมนำมาฝากนี้ แม้จะเป็นเรื่องแกรมมาร์ แต่ผมยังหวังให้ท่านฝึกอ่านภาษาอังกฤษไปพร้อม ๆ กับการทบทวนหลักแกรมมาร์พื้นฐานกับ ebook เล่มนี้ เรียกว่าฝึกครั้งเดียว  ได้ทั้ง grammar และ reading
       การอ่านตำราแกรมมาร์ภาษาไทย อาจจะช่วยให้เราเข้าใจหลักแกรมมาร์ดีขึ้น   แต่ถ้าเราไม่ได้ลุยเข้าไปอ่านหรือฟังจนได้เจอแกรมมาร์ในเนื้อหาภาษาอังกฤษที่ฝรั่งเขาใช้กันจริง ๆ การรู้จักแกรมมาร์ของเราก็เป็นการรู้จักที่โดดเดี่ยวแห้งแล้ง เหมือนมีมีดเหล็กที่คมแต่เก็บไว้เฉย ๆ ไม่ได้ใช้ มีดนั้นก็ไร้ประโยชน์และรอวันขึ้นสนิม และด้วยเหตุนี้แหละครับที่เว็บนี้มักจะนำตำราและเว็บแกรมมาร์ภาษาอังกฤษมาให้ท่านศึกษาอยู่เรื่อย ๆ (คลิก Grammar )
       เอาละครับ อารัมภบทมายาวพอสมควรแล้ว  เชิญเข้าไปที่  ebook [คลิกดาวน์โหลด] เพื่อฝึกทำ grammar test และฝึก English reading ได้เลยครับ


       ไหน ๆ ก็พูดแล้ว ผมขอแถมอีกสักหน่อยแล้วกันครับ คือ เมื่อเราเกิดข้อสงสัยเกี่ยวกับแกรมมาร์ประเด็นนั้นประเด็นนี้ หรือเมื่อทำข้อสอบ  เขาเฉลยข้อที่ถูกแต่ไม่มีคำอธิบาย และเราต้องการหาคำอธิบาย อย่างนี้หาได้ไม่ยากครับ  
           ข้างล่างนี้ เป็นตัวอย่างเล็ก ๆ น้อย ๆ ในการ Search เรื่องแกรมมาร์ที่ท่านสงสัยอยากรู้   ผมขอแนะนำว่า ให้ท่านลองค้นหาด้วยวิธีนี้ดูบ้าง แทนที่จะค้นจากตำราอย่างเดียว ความแตกต่างอยู่ตรงที่เมื่อให้ Google ค้น, ผลที่ได้รับจะมากมายหลากหลาย ท่านจะเลือกศึกษาลิงก์ไหนก็ได้, และจากหลายคำตอบนี้ จะช่วยให้ท่านแตกฉาน  เพราะไม่ได้อ่านจากตำราเล่มเดียว, แต่ได้อ่านจากหลายเล่ม ซึ่งอาจจะมีทั้งเสริมกันและแย้งกันบ้าง  แต่ที่สำคัญที่สุดก็คือ ท่านจะได้ฝึกการอ่านซึ่งจะได้เห็นการใช้แกรมมาร์จริง ๆ ไม่ใช่เอาแต่อ่านตำราแกรมมาร์ภาษาไทย ซึ่งทำให้รู้จักแกรมมาร์ แต่ไม่ได้ส่งเสริมให้ใช้แกรมมาร์อย่างมั่นใจในการสื่อสาร
       ลองดูตัวอย่างข้างล่างนี้ครับ
  • คำว่า ในวันหยุดสุดสัปดาห์ จะใช้ภาษาอังกฤษว่า in the weekend หรือ on the  weekend  (คำค้น  in weekend or on weekend  - คลิกดู)
  • จะใช้ who เมื่อพูดถึงสัตว์ได้หรือไม่ (คำค้น grammar who for animals - คลิกดู)
  • คำที่ใช้บ่อย ๆ ในภาษาอังกฤษที่หมายถึงหรือเกี่ยวข้องกับความรัก (คำค้น list of most common words that mean love - คลิกดู)
  • noun ในภาษาอังกฤษ บางทีรูปเป็นเอกพจน์แต่ความหมายเป็นพหูพจน์ หรือรูปเป็นพหูพจน์แต่ความหมายกลับเป็นเอกพจน์ ดูแล้ววุ่นวายมาก (คำค้น nouns singular and plural in form and   meaning - คลิกดู)
  • คำว่า บ่อย ๆ บ่อยมาก บ่อยน้อย ในภาษาอังกฤษ ใช้คำว่าอะไรกันบ้าง เราก็ลอง พิมพ์คำที่เรารู้จักลงไปหลาย ๆ คำ Google มันก็จะหา list คำพวกนี้ที่สมบูรณ์มาให้เราดู (คำค้น often always normally usually  seldom - คลิกดู)
  • ถ้าเรารู้สึกว่า แกรมมาร์มีกฎเกณฑ์มากมาย แต่เราอยากจะรู้สักแค่ 100 ข้อเท่านั้น ก็ลองหาดูซีครับ (คำค้น 100 top grammar rules - คลิกดู )
  • ถ้าเราอยากจะรู้ว่า พวกนักศึกษามักจะทำผิดแกรมมาร์อะไรกันมากที่สุด ( คำค้น most grammar mistakes by university students - คลิกดู  )
  • เรารู้ว่าเมื่อพูดภาษาอังกฤษเราไม่จำเป็นต้องไปซีเรียสเรื่องแกรมมาร์มากนัก แต่การรู้แกรมมาร์ไว้บ้างก็ไม่เสียหลายอะไร แต่ขอบเขตของแกรมมาร์มันก็กว้างขวางเหลือเกิน   ถ้าอย่างนี้ เราก็ลองบอก Google ให้จำกัดการ Search ให้แคบเข้า เราจะได้ไม่ต้องอ่านมากเกินจำเป็น (คำค้น 100 topics of  english grammar for conversation - คลิกดู  )
       ผมขอแถมท้ายด้วยเว็บข้างล่างนี้ ซึ่งผมเจอตอนค้นเรื่องนี้ เป็นทางเลือกให้ท่านเข้าไปค้นหาคำตอบในปัญหาแกรมมาร์ที่ท่านสงสัย
  1. http://www.grammarphobia.com/
  2. http://www.englishgrammar.org/
  3. http://www.grammarbook.com/
  4. http://www.grammaring.com/
  5. http://www.usingenglish.com/
  6. http://english.stackexchange.com/
  7. http://www.grammarly.com/answers/
พิพัฒน์
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 เชิญอ่านวิธีคลิกติดตั้ง add-on:ที่นี่ •  ดิก อังกฤษ  ไทย  •  Google Translate  •  ดิก อังกฤษ - อังกฤษ 

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วันพฤหัสบดีที่ 9 กรกฎาคม พ.ศ. 2558

501 Synonym and Antonym words (1)



501 Synonym and Antonym words
.. synonyms 1
1 .. remote means faraway, or distant
2 .. to detest means to feel intense or violent dislike
3 .. gracious means to be pleasant or considerate in so
4 .. to predict means to declare in advance or to foret
5 .. kin means people with common ancestors, or relativ
6 .. pensive means moodily or dreamily thoughtful
7 .. to banish means to drive out from home or country,
8 .. a fraud is someone who is not what he or she prete
9 .. saccharine means overly sweet
10 .. to drag is to pull, or to cause movement in a dire
11 .. jovial means good humored or merry
12 .. to be indifferent is to be marked by impartiality 
13 .. to simulate is to assume the outward appearance of
14 .. charisma is magnetic charm or appeal
15 .. to apportion is to divide and share out
16 .. generic means having the characteristic of a whole
17 .. a qualm is a feeling of uneasiness about a moral i
18 .. wary means to be attentive especially to danger, o
19 .. to distort means to twist out of a normal state, o
20 .. sumptuous means excessively costly, rich, or luxur
21 .. one meaning of reel is to move round and round, or
22 .. inscrutable means not easily interpreted or unders
23 .. to appall is to overcome with shock, or to dismay
24 .. upright can mean either honorable or vertical; hor
25 .. a reverie means the state of being lost in thought
26 .. loot means goods seized in war, or spoils
27 .. loquacious means excessively talkative, or garrulo
28 .. a chimera is a fabrication of the mind, or an illu
29 .. temerity means unreasonable contempt for danger or
30 .. to educe means to develop something potential or l
31 .. a nabob is a person of great wealth or importance,
32 .. to pall can mean to deprive of pleasure in somethi
33 .. sacrosanct means the most sacred, or holy
34 .. louche means not reputable, or indecent
35 .. stentorian means loud and is usually used to imply
.. antonym 2
36 .. remote means faraway, or distant
37 .. to detest means to feel intense or violent dislike, or to hate
38 .. gracious means to be pleasant or considerate in social interactions
39 .. to predict means to declare in advance or to foretell
40 .. kin means people with common ancestors, or relatives
41 .. pensive means moodily or dreamily thoughtful
42 .. to banish means to drive out from home or country, or to exile
43 .. a fraud is someone who is not what he or she pretends to be, or an imposter
44 .. saccharine means overly sweet
45 .. to drag is to pull, or to cause movement in a direction with applied force
46 .. jovial means good humored or merry
47 .. to be indifferent is to be marked by impartiality or to be neutral
48 .. to simulate is to assume the outward appearance of, or to imitate
49 .. charisma is magnetic charm or appeal
50 .. to apportion is to divide and share out
51 .. generic means having the characteristic of a whole group, or general
52 .. a qualm is a feeling of uneasiness about a moral issue, or a scruple
53 .. wary means to be attentive especially to danger, or to be cautious
54 .. to distort means to twist out of a normal state, or to deform
55 .. sumptuous means excessively costly, rich, or luxurious
56 .. one meaning of reel is to move round and round, or to whirl
57 .. inscrutable means not easily interpreted or understood, or mysterious
58 .. to appall is to overcome with shock, or to dismay
59 .. upright can mean either honorable or vertical; horizontal and supine are both antonyms of upright
60 .. a reverie means the state of being lost in thought, or a daydream
61 .. loot means goods seized in war, or spoils
62 .. loquacious means excessively talkative, or garrulous
63 .. a chimera is a fabrication of the mind, or an illusion
64 .. temerity means unreasonable contempt for danger or recklessness, or audacity
65 .. to educe means to develop something potential or latent; to elicit means to draw out something hidden or latent
66 .. a nabob is a person of great wealth or importance, or a bigwig
67 .. to pall can mean to deprive of pleasure in something by satiating
68 .. sacrosanct means the most sacred, or holy
69 .. louche means not reputable, or indecent
70 .. stentorian means loud and is usually used to imply a voice of great power and range
.. Synonyms 3
71 .. modest means to be free of conceit or pretension, or humble
72 .. a custom means a long-established practice, or a habit
73 .. to prolong means to lengthen in time, or to extend
74 .. to hustle means to hurry
75 .. solemn means marked by grave sobriety, or serious
76 .. to imply means to express indirectly, or to suggest
77 .. to ramble means to move aimlessly from place to place, or to wander
78 .. beneficial means causing benefit, or advantageous
79 .. flare means a fire or blaze used to signal; flair means talent or style
80 .. negligent means marked by neglect, or careless
81 .. aloof means distant in feeling, or reserved
82 .. one meaning of resolve is to decide, often to stop from doing something
83 .. to congregate means to gather in a group
84 .. to utter means to express in words
85 .. fearless means lacking fear, or brave
86 .. negligible means so small or insignificant as to deserve little attention
87 .. placid means free of disturbance, or calm
88 .. a rake is a dissolute person, or a scoundrel
89 .. to dupe means to deceive or to trick
90 .. stigma means a mark of shame or discredit, or a stain
91 .. to reside means to occupy a place as one’s home, or to dwell
92 .. covetous means having an inordinate desire for wealth, or greedy
93 .. to abide means to endure without yielding, or to withstand
94 .. shrewd means marked by clever awareness, or astute
95 .. to fetter means to hamper, or to restrain
96 .. flagrant means obviously wrong or immoral; glaring means painfully obvious
97 .. mitigate means to make less severe or painful, or to relieve
98 .. to rail means to scold in harsh, abusive language
99 .. to meld means to merge or to blend
100 ..  to rally means to arouse for action, or to muster
101 ..  abject means cast down in spirit, or utterly hopeless; despondent means having lost all hope
102 ..  bespoke means custom-made; tailored also means custommade
103 ..  diffident means shy or lacking in confidence
104 ..  to proffer means to put something forward for acceptance, or to tender
105 ..  mordant means biting or caustic in means or speech
106 ..  churlish means resembling an ill-bred or vulgar person, or boorish
107 ..  antediluvian means so ancient that it could have come before the time of the flood and Noah’s ark, or antiquated
108 ..  picayune means trivial or of little value; paltry means trivial or meager
109 ..  smite means to strike heavily especially with the hand
110 ..  to winnow means to sift or get rid of, like weed, it is often used with “out’’
.. Antonym 4
111 .. to detain means to hold or keep back; to release means to let go
112 .. famous means widely known; obscure means little known
113 .. colossal means incredibly large, therefore tiny is the opposite
114 .. a fluid is a substance that flows; a solid does not flow
115 .. to continue means to act without interruption; to pause means to stop temporarily
116 .. to labor means to work; to rest means to cease working
117 .. brawny means muscled or strong, therefore weak is the opposite
118 .. fickle means to lack steadiness, therefore steady is the opposite
119 .. inept means to lack competence, therefore competent is the opposite
120 .. pivotal means very important, or crucial, therefore unimportant is the opposite
121 .. cursed means to be the subject of misfortune, or to be unlucky, therefore lucky is the opposite
122 .. candid means to be frank, or honest, therefore dishonest is the opposite
123 .. to flaunt means to display showily, or to show off, therefore hide is the opposite
124 .. to heal means to restore to health; to maim means to injure
125 .. to pacify means to soothe, or calm, therefore excite is the opposite
126 .. sullen means showing a disagreeable mood, or lacking cheer, therefore cheerful is the opposite
127 .. to assure means to make sure by removing doubt or worry; alarm means to give warning or to arouse fear
128 .. fallacious means tending to deceive; truthful means disposed to tell the truth
129 .. gumption means initiative, or drive; apathy means a lack of interest or concern
130 .. ecstasy means a state of rapturous delight; agony means intense pain of mind or body
131 .. astute means shrewd or showing acute mental vision; gullible means easily duped or cheated
132 .. winsome means cheerful and engaging; dour means gloomy or sullen
133 .. droll means to have a humorous or odd quality; sedate means unruffled or serious
134 .. enigmatic means mysterious or obscure, therefore obvious is the opposite
135 .. obtuse means insensitive or stupid; acute means marked by keen perception or shrewd
136 .. obsequious means subservient or fawning; domineering means exercising overbearing control
137 .. doleful means full of grief or cheerless; vivacious means full of life and spirit
138 .. one meaning of wanton is malicious or merciless, therefore merciful is the opposite
139 .. banal means trite or commonplace, therefore extraordinary is the opposite
140 .. lugubrious means mournful, or dismal, therefore cheerful is the opposite
141 .. perspicacious means keen or astute, therefore dull is the opposite
142 .. elan means vigorous spirit or enthusiasm; despair means an utter loss of hope
143 .. recondite means difficult for one of ordinary understanding to comprehend; manifest means easily understood or recognized
144 .. to gainsay means to deny; one meaning of to own is to admit
145 .. effluvium means an offensive smell; fragrance means a sweet or delicate odor
146 .. parsimony means thrift or stinginess, therefore generosity is the opposite
147 .. truculent means cruel or savage, therefore gentle is the opposite
148 .. spurious means lacking genuine qualities, or false, therefore genuine is the opposite
149 .. welter means a state of wild disorder, or turmoil, therefore order is the opposite
150 .. eclat means a dazzling effect, or brilliance, therefore dullness is the opposite
.. Synonyms 5
151 .. deplete means to reduce or deprive or something essential; exhaust means to empty completely
152 .. voluntary means done by one’s own will, or willing
153 .. to refute means to prove wrong, or to deny the truth of
154 .. to cheat means to influence by means of trickery, or to defraud
155 .. miserable means in a state of distress or unhappiness
156 .. vintage means of old and enduring interest, or classic
157 .. tart means pleasantly sharp or acid to the taste
158 .. to corner means to drive into a corner, or to trap
159 .. one meaning of zest is keen enjoyment, or gusto
160 .. to haggle means to negotiate over terms or price, or to bargain
161 .. to impel means to drive forward using strong moral pressure, or to force
162 .. a throng is a large number of assembled people, or a mass
163 .. imperial means befitting or suggesting an emperor; regal means befitting or suggesting a king
164 .. to diffuse means to break up or spread out, or to scatter
165 .. to hinder means to hold back; one meaning of to check means to slow or bring to a stop
166 .. latent means capable of becoming but not currently visible, or dormant
167 .. wretched means extremely distressed, or miserable
168 .. irksome means tedious or annoying
169 .. to regulate means to bring under the control of law; to police means to control or keep order
170 .. to warrant means to serve as adequate ground or reason, or to justify
171 .. to protract means to prolong in time or space, or to delay
172 .. lax means in a relaxed state, or slack
173 .. rigor means severity of life, or austerity
174 .. discrete means individually distinct
175 .. lissome means supple or flexible
176 .. to misprize means to hold in contempt, or to despise
177 .. to impugn means to attack verbally as false or lacking integrity; to assail means to attack
178 .. to supervene means to follow as an unexpected development
179 .. exigent means demanding immediate attention, or urgent
180 .. fervid means ardent or passionate
181 .. ersatz means a usually artificial or inferior substitute
182 .. redolent means aromatic or full of a specific scent, or odorous
183 .. turpitude means wickedness, or depravity
184 .. propinquity means nearness in place or time
185 .. vociferous means loud and insistent, often in presentation of demands or requests; strident also means loud and insistent
.. Antonyms 6
186 .. gracious means to be pleasant in a social situation, or cordial; rude means to be unpleasant
187 .. valor means strength of mind or spirit, or courage; cowardice means lack of courage
188 .. one meaning of severe is strict; lenient means mild or indulgent
189 .. imaginative means having imagination; dull means lacking imagination
190 .. knowing means having information or knowledge; dense means dull or stupid
191 .. animosity means resentment or hostility, therefore love is the opposite
192 .. exact means in complete accordance with fact, or correct, therefore incorrect is the opposite
193 .. extravagant means lacking in restraint and moderation, therefore moderate is the opposite
194 .. stamina means strength or endurance, therefore weakness is the opposite
195 .. rough means having an uneven, coarse surface; sleek means having a smooth, bright surface
196 .. to garner means to gather or to store; to squander means to cause to disperse or to scatter
197 .. prodigal means wasteful or extravagant; thrifty means thriving by industry and frugality
198 .. tacit means unspoken, or implied; dictated means spoken
199 .. to repudiate means to reject or deny, therefore to admit is the opposite
200 .. pristine means unspoiled or pure; sullied means spoiled or tarnished
201 .. to concede means to yield; to withstand means to successfully resist
202 .. to placate means to soothe or calm; to enrage means to anger
203 .. popular means frequently encountered or accepted, or common, therefore uncommon is the opposite
204 .. felicitous means very well-suited or apt; inopportune means inconvenient or not well-suited
205 .. austere means simple and unadorned; lavish means produced or expended in abundance
206 .. insipid means lacking in qualities that interest or excite, therefore exciting is the opposite
207 .. a wastrel is someone who spends foolishly or self-indulgently; a miser is someone who hoards his or her wealth
208 .. temperate means moderate; inordinate means excessive or immoderate
209 .. nebulous means vague or indistinct, therefore distinct is the opposite
210 .. adroit means skillful in the use of the hands, therefore clumsy is the opposite
211 .. mite means a very small or insignificant part; bulk means the main or greater part
212 .. supernal means coming from on high, or heavenly; infernal is a synonym for hellish
213 .. reprobate means morally debased or depraved; one meaning of elevated is to be on a moral or intellectual high plane
214 .. specious means having a false look of truth or genuineness, therefore genuine is the opposite
215 .. effete means weak or decadent; one meaning of proper is virtuous or respectable
216 .. a rabble is a disorderly or disorganized crowd of people; a union is a group of individuals joined in an organized manner
217 .. protean means showing great diversity or variability, or versatile, therefore unchanging is the opposite
218 .. vertiginous means inclined to frequent change, or inconstant, therefore constant is the opposite
219 .. a parvenu is an upstart or a social climber; a wallflower is someone who refrains from socializing
220 .. lapidarian means having elegance or precision and comes from the word lapidary, which means a cutter or engraver of precious stones, therefore inelegant is the opposite
.. Syno & Anto 7
221 .. delirious means marked by frenzied excitement, or manic
222 .. infirm means feeble from age, or weak
223 .. cautious means careful; reckless means lacking caution
224 .. a lure is used to attract animals into a trap, like a decoy
225 .. perilous means dangerous, therefore safe is the opposite
226 .. isolation means the state of being alone or withdrawn, or solitude
227 .. a lull is a temporary pause
228 .. to outfit means to supply or to furnish
229 .. punctual means on time; tardy means late
230 .. to delude means to mislead the judgment of someone, or to trick; to enlighten means to give knowledge to someone
231 .. to omit means to leave out, to fail to perform, or to neglect
232 .. resilient means capable of withstanding shock; flimsy means lacking in physical strength or substance
233 .. mutiny means resistance to lawful authority, or rebellion
234 .. naive means unaffectedly simple, or unsophisticated
235 .. to entice means attract seductively, or to lure; to repulse means to cause aversion to, or to disgust
236 .. solemnity means formal or ceremonious observance, or seriousness; gravity means dignity of bearing, or seriousness
237 .. one meaning of liberal is giving freely, or generous; stingy means lacking generosity
238 .. to malign means to speak false or harmful things of, or to slander
239 .. impudent means contemptuously bold or cocky, or insolent
240 .. vacillate means to hesitate among choices, or to waver; decide means to choose
241 .. kinetic means relating to motion, or dynamic; static means at rest, or stationary
242 .. to lambaste means to attack verbally, or to censure
243 .. to kowtow means to show fawning deference; to snub means to treat with contempt
244 .. rudimentary means crude or primitive
245 .. pitched means intensely fought; one meaning of heated is marked by anger
246 .. tepid means lukewarm; scalding means boiling hot
247 .. largesse means liberal giving or generosity
248 .. insidious means harmful but enticing or seductive; repellant means arousing aversion or disgust
249 .. decorum means conduct required in social life, or etiquette
250 .. to succor means go to the aid of, or relieve; to injure means to harm
251 .. enjoin means to forbid or prohibit, therefore permit is the opposite
252 .. tumid means puffy or swollen
253 .. jejune means lacking in substance or interest; insipid means lacking in qualities to excite or interest
254 .. ecumenical means of or relating to the whole body of churches, or universal; parochial means of or relating to a parish, or limited in scope or range
255 .. sinecure is a job for which little or no work is expected; a cakewalk is a one-sided competition
256 .. to castigate means to subject to severe punishment
257 .. reconnoiter means to gain information or to explore; disregard means to pay no attention to
258 .. obloquy means abusive language; tirade means harshly censorious language
259 .. recondite means hidden from sight or obscure; patent means readily visible or intelligible
260 .. querulous means habitually complaining, or fretful
.. Synonyms 8
261 .. wrath means strong, vengeful anger
262 .. plethora means an ample quantity, or wealth
263 .. a calamity is an extraordinarily grave event, or disaster
264 .. pompous means self-important, or arrogant
265 .. prevalent means generally accepted, or widespread
266 .. to wince means to shrink back involuntarily, or to flinch
267 .. superficial means to be concerned only with the surface or appearance, or shallow
268 .. a tangle is a twisted, knotted mass, or a snarl
269 .. to reform means to change for the better, or to correct
270 .. methodical means proceeding according to an order or system, or systematic
271 .. spite means petty ill will or hatred, or malice
272 .. one meaning of scale is to climb
273 .. a smudge is a blurry spot or streak
274 .. one meaning of to drizzle is to rain in very small drops, or to sprinkle
275 .. mundane means ordinary, or commonplace
276 .. pretension means an effort to establish, or ambition
277 .. to affect means to make a display of using or liking something, or to cultivate
278 .. to herald means to greet with enthusiasm, or to hail
279 .. one meaning of faculty is an ability or gift
280 .. mirth means gladness expressed with laughter, or glee
281 .. drudgery means uninspiring or menial labor
282 .. prerequisite means necessary for carrying out a function
283 .. dire means desperately urgent
284 .. to grapple means to come to grips with, or to struggle
285 .. sundry means an indeterminate number, or various
286 .. to supplant means take the place of, or to replace
287 .. to venerate means to treat with reverential respect, or to revere
288 .. to conciliate means to gain goodwill with pleasing acts, or to appease
289 .. exultant means filled with or expressing great joy, or jubilant
290 .. surreptitious means done or acquired in stealth, or clandestine
291 .. recalcitrant means defiant of authority, or unruly
292 .. one meaning of pretty is miserable or terrible, as in the expression “a pretty pickle’’
293 .. a coterie is an intimate or exclusive group or people who share a common interest or purpose; a club is an association of people for a common purpose
294 .. nefarious means flagrantly wicked, or evil
295 .. to curry means to seek to gain favor, or to flatter
296 ..  preternatural means exceeding what is natural, or extraordinary
297 ..  pernicious means highly injurious or deadly, or noxious
298 ..  a reprisal is an act of vengeance, or a retaliation
299 ..  manifold means marked by variety, or diverse
300 ..  factious means inclined to form factions; seditious means disposed to insurrection
.. Antonyms 9
301 .. tragic means regrettably serious or sorrowful; comic means humorous
302 .. able means having skill or ability; inept means lacking skill
303 .. tireless means filled with energy; exhausted means depleted of energy
304 .. to wean means to detach from a dependence; to addict means to make dependent
305 .. haste means hurry; delay means postponement or procrastination
306 .. malice means a desire to see another suffer; goodwill means desire to see another benefit
307 .. permanent means lasting; fleeting means passing quickly or temporary
308 .. to attain means to achieve or to gain, therefore to lose is the most dissimilar
309 .. to taint means to contaminate or corrupt; to purify means to make pure
310 .. to belittle means to make seem little or less; to magnify means to enlarge
311 .. tedious means boring; pleasurable means enjoyable or delightful
312 .. one meaning of a license is permission; restriction means limitation
313 .. frivolous means lacking seriousness, therefore serious is the most dissimilar
314 .. plain means lacking in beauty; lovely means beautiful
315 .. one meaning of to denounce is to speak out against; to covet means to wish for enviously
316 .. contrary means unwilling to accept control or advice; agreeable means ready or willing to agree
317 .. glower means a sullen brooding look, therefore smile is the most dissimilar
318 .. exacting means severe; lenient means indulgent
319 .. to curtail means to cut short; to prolong means to lengthen or extend
320 .. eminent means prominent, or famous; obscure means not prominent, or unknown
321 .. to abdicate means to renounce power or high office; to usurp means seize power or high office
322 .. indolent means lazy; industrious means hardworking
323 .. fortuitous means occurring by chance, or accidental; deliberate means resulting from careful consideration, or voluntary
324 .. to disparage means to speak slightingly about; to applaud means to express approval
325 .. dubious means questionable or unreliable, therefore reliable is the most dissimilar
326 .. to interdict means to forbid; to sanction means to approve
327 .. mendacious means dishonest; veracious means truthful or honest
328 .. lassitude means weariness; vigor means strength or force
329 .. one meaning of verdant is green, especially with plant life; arid means dry, or lacking enough rainfall for agriculture
330 .. one meaning of ductile is easily led or influenced; one meaning of rigid is inflexible, set in opinion
331 .. asperity means roughness of surface or manner; amenity means pleasantness or smoothness of manner
332 .. epicurean means having sensitive and self-indulgent taste especially in food and wine; ascetic means practicing self-denial and austerity
333 .. to traduce means to expose to shame or blame; to laud means to praise or extol
334 .. to bridle means to restrain or keep under control; to vent means to relieve by means of an outlet
335 .. one meaning of spare is lean; rotund means round or fleshy
336 .. proclivity means inclination or predisposition; antipathy means settled aversion or dislike
337 .. vituperation means bitter condemnation; acclaim means praise
338 .. to gambol means to skip about in play; to trudge means to march steadily and laboriously
339 .. quixotic means foolishly impractical and marked by extravagantly romantic ideals; staid means sedate and marked by prim self-restraint
340 .. lachrymose means given to weeping, or morose; blithe means of a happy or lighthearted character, or merry
.. Synonym 10
341 .. to glare means to stare angrily; to scowl means to have an angry expression
342 .. erratic means lacking regularity, or irregular
343 .. one meaning of civil is involving the general public
344 .. a peer is a person belonging to the same group; a fellow is an equal in rank, or a member of the same group
345 .. a fiasco is a complete failure, or a disaster
346 .. a chasm is a deep split in the earth, or a gorge
347 .. expertise and mastery both mean special skills or knowledge
348 .. outlandish means extremely out of the ordinary; absurd means ridiculously unreasonable
349 .. to pine means to long for, or to crave
350 .. an exploit is a notable or heroic act; a feat is a courageous deed
351 .. culmination means the act of reaching the highest point, or decisive action; realization means the act of bringing into concrete existence
352 .. to feign means to assert as if true, or to pretend
353 .. auspicious means marked by favorable signs
354 .. one meaning of gambit is a calculated move; a ploy is a tactic
355 .. voracious and ravenous mean having a huge appetite
356 .. facile means easily achieved and often lacking sincerity; glib means marked by ease and lacking depth and substance
357 .. to eschew means to avoid habitually, or to abstain
358 .. to abscond means to depart secretly; to flee means to run away
359 .. a knack is a special ability
360 .. apropos means being both relevant and appropriate; opportune means occurring at an appropriate time
361 .. veritable means not false or imagined, or authentic
362 .. unmitigated means offering little chance of change or relief, or absolute; utter means total or absolute
363 .. an epitome is a typical or ideal example; essence is the real or very basic nature of something
364 .. an edict is an official proclamation; a decree is an order with the force of the law
365 .. to extol means to praise highly
366 .. abeyant means in a period of temporary inactivity, or pending
367 .. to knell means to sound in an ominous manner; to toll means to sound in long measured strokes; both words are used to describe the ringing of bells
368 .. soporific means causing sleep; hypnotic means tending to produce sleep
369 .. to iterate means to say or do again, or to repeat
370 .. a bulwark is a solid wall-like structure raised for defense, or a rampart
371 .. pedantic means ostentatiously or narrowly learned, or unimaginative; one meaning of pedestrian is commonplace or unimaginative
372 .. bumptious means noisily self-assertive; arrogant means disposed to exaggerate one’s own worth
373 .. expiation means the act of making atonement; atonement means reparation for an offense or injury
374 .. flagitious means marked by outrageous crime or vice; villainous means having the characteristics of a deliberate criminal or scoundrel
375 .. to inveigle means to win over with flattery; to cajole means to persuade with flattery
.. Antonyms 11
376 .. prudent means marked by wisdom or good judgment; foolish means marked by a lack of good sense or prudence
377 .. forced means produced with effort; natural means uncultivated or spontaneous
378 .. to acquaint means to get to know or to become friendly; to alienate means to cause unfriendliness or hostility
379 .. expansive means sizeable or extensive; narrow means restricted
380 .. one meaning of benign is of a gentle disposition; malicious means marked by mischievous impulse
381 .. to foster means to encourage; to discourage means to deprive of courage or confidence
382 .. ample means more than adequate in size, scope, or capacity, or sufficient, therefore, insufficient is the most dissimilar
383 .. deviant means departing from the established norm, or abnormal, therefore normal is the most dissimilar
384 .. to abolish means to do away with entirely; to establish means to bring into existence
385 .. to forsake means to renounce; one meaning of to embrace is to welcome or include
386 .. tractable means easily handled or managed; stubborn means difficult to handle or manage
387 .. dexterous means skillful with the hands; clumsy means lacking dexterity, nimbleness, or grace
388 .. to aerate means to supply with oxygen; to suffocate means to deprive of oxygen
389 .. venerable means impressive by reason of age; sophomoric means poorly informed and immature
390 .. rancor means bitter ill-will; one meaning of accord is balanced interrelationship, or harmony
391 .. to daunt means to lessen the courage of; to inspirit means to give vigor or courage
392 .. paucity means smallness of number; excess means ample quantity
393 .. heedless means inconsiderate or thoughtless; attentive means heedful or mindful of the comfort of others
394 .. to abound means to be present in great numbers; to dwindle means to become steadily less
395 .. a confederate is an ally or accomplice; an enemy is an opponent
396 .. resplendent means characterized by glowing splendor; dowdy means not neat or attractive in appearance, or shabby
397 .. onerous means burdensome or troublesome, therefore easy is the most dissimilar
398 .. sagacity means wisdom; stupidity means a lack of wisdom
399 .. a dilettante is a person having a superficial interest in an art or branch or knowledge; a professional is a person who engages in a pursuit as a profession
400 .. unalloyed means pure, therefore impure is the most dissimilar
401 .. banner means distinguished from all others in excellence, or unforgettable, therefore forgettable is the most dissimilar
402 .. discalced means barefoot; shod means wearing shoes
403 .. scurrilous means given to using foul language, or crass; decent means conforming to standards of propriety
404 .. pulchritudinous means marked by physical beauty; unsightly means not pleasing to the sight, or ugly
405 .. dyspeptic means showing a sour disposition; euphoric means marked by feeling or well-being
406 .. reliction means the gradual recession of water leaving the land dry; flood means the rising and overflow of a body of water onto dry land
407 .. villenage means the peasant or commoner class; nobility means the noble class, or gentry
408 .. craven means cowardly; stalwart means marked by outstanding strength or vigor
409 .. prolix means unduly prolonged, therefore brief is the most dissimilar
410 .. lambent means softly bright or radiant; dull means lacking in brightness or shine
.. Synonyms 12
411 .. to heed means to pay attention to, or to consider
412 .. to edge means to force or move gradually (as in to edge off the road)
413 .. to elevate means to lift up, or raise; to hoist means to raise into position
414 .. to appoint means to name officially, often to a position; to nominate means to appoint or propose for office
415 .. to hoard means to gather a hidden supply; to stockpile means accumulate a reserve of something
416 .. homogeneous means descended from the same ancestral type, or alike
417 .. a hub is a center of activity
418 .. tame means deficient in spirit or courage, or submissive
419 .. to irk means to annoy or irritate
420 .. to loom means to come into sight in enlarged or distorted form; to surface means to come to the surface or into view
421 .. fitful means having intermittent or irregular character; erratic means lacking regularity
422 .. gaudy means ostentatiously or tastelessly ornamented; flashy means ostentatious or showy
423 .. to flaunt means to display ostentatiously or impudently; to parade means to exhibit ostentatiously
424 .. to flex means to bend
425 .. to tantalize means to tease by presenting something desirable; to flirt means to behave amorously without serious intent
426 .. dastardly means despicably mean or cowardly
427 .. an aficionado is a fan, or a devotee
428 .. contiguous means touching along a boundary or point; adjoining means joining at a point or line
429 .. a swindler is a person who takes money or property through fraud or deceit; a charlatan is a person who pretends to have knowledge or ability, or a fraud
430 .. a rogue is a dishonest person; a knave is a tricky deceitful person
431 .. an apologist is a person who writes or speaks in defense of a cause, or a defender
432 .. a proxy is a person who has the power to act for another, or a delegate
433 .. to buffet means to strike repeatedly
434 .. a travesty is a distorted or grossly inferior imitation; a mockery is an insincere or contemptible imitation
435 .. to bristle is to take on an aggressive or angry appearance; to seethe means to experience violent internal agitation
436 .. to admonish means to express warning in a gentle manner, or to caution
437 .. to wheedle means to influence using soft words or flattery; to plead means to entreat or appeal earnestly
438 .. aplomb means complete composure or self-assurance, or poise
439 .. to aver means to declare positively, or to state
440 .. mien means appearance or demeanor; carriage means manner of holding one’s body, or posture
441 .. a paroxysm is an attack or convulsion, or a fit
442 .. aegis means protection, or sponsorship
443 .. sepulture means burial
444 .. a harridan is a shrew, or a witch
445 .. an apothegm is a short, pithy saying; an adage is a saying that embodies a common observation
446 .. grandiloquence means lofty or pompous eloquence; one meaning of bluster is loudly boastful speech
447 .. a fulmination is a sudden or loud noise, or an explosion
448 .. pococurante means indifferent or nonchalant; blasé means apathetic to pleasure
449 .. an escarpment is a long cliff or a steep slope
450 .. a plutocrat is one who rules by virtue of wealth; a banker is one who engages in the business of finance
.. Antonyms 13
451 .. subsequent means following in time or order; previous means going before in time or order
452 .. abrupt means occurring without warning, or sudden; anticipated means expected
453 .. to conserve means to keep safe or preserve, which is the opposite of to waste
454 .. to waive means to give up voluntarily; to retain means to keep
455 .. to erode means to wear away; to restore means to bring back to an original state
456 .. to recall means to remember, which is the opposite of to forget
457 .. dormant means temporarily inactive, which is the opposite of active
458 .. to procrastinate means to delay or put off, which is the opposite of to hurry
459 .. docile means easily taught; unruly means not easily managed or disciplined
460 .. impromptu means unplanned or unrehearsed; rehearsed means trained or practiced
461 .. to denigrate means to deny the importance of something, or to belittle; to uphold means to support or to elevate
462 .. a bent is a strong inclination or capacity; a disinclination is a slight aversion
463 .. one meaning of solvent is able to pay all debts; broke means penniless
464 .. disconsolate means cheerless or dejected, which is the opposite of joyful
465 .. brusque means blunt in manner or speech to the point of being ungracious; gracious means marked by charm and good taste
466 .. callow means unsophisticated; urbane means sophisticated
467 .. to countenance means to extend approval or sanction; to deny means to refuse to grant
468 .. cachet means prestige; ignominy means disgrace
469 .. to evince means to display clearly or reveal, which is the opposite of to hide
470 .. vainglorious means boastful, which is the opposite of modest
471 .. iniquitous means wicked; virtuous means morally excellent
472 .. obstreperous means stubbornly resistant to control or unruly; tame means docile or submissive
473 .. ebullient means lively or enthusiastic; glum means dreary or gloomy
474 .. halcyon means calm or peaceful; tempestuous means turbulent or stormy
475 .. imprimatur means sanction or approval, therefore disapproval is the most dissimilar
476 .. odium means hatred and condemnation; admiration means a feeling of delighted approval
477 .. mephitic means relating to a foul, noxious exhalation from the earth; a mephitic environment would be unhealthy, so healthy is its opposite
478 .. platitudinous means full of or characterized by banal, trite remarks; exhilarating means refreshing or exciting
479 .. facultative means optional; compulsory means mandatory, or not optional
480 .. persiflage means frivolous talk, therefore silence is the most dissimilar
.. Syno & Anto 14
481 .. to beckon means to signal or summon with a wave or a nod; to motion means to gesture
482 .. earnest means grave or serious; frivolous means lacking in seriousness
483 .. one meaning of to execute is to carry out fully; one meaning of to perform is to carry out
484 .. an idiom is an expression that is unique either grammatically or in meaning
485 .. to accelerate means to cause to move faster; to delay means to move or act slowly
486 .. to engross means to occupy completely; one meaning of to absorb is to engage or engross wholly
487 .. impervious means to be incapable of being affected or disturbed; prone means having a tendency or inclination, or being likely
488 .. a brood is the young of an animal or a family of young; progeny is the offspring of animals or plants
489 .. one meaning of to balk is to check or to stop; to hamper means to impede or restrain
490 .. conversant means having knowledge or experience with, therefore inexperienced is the most dissimilar
491 .. staunch means steadfast in loyalty or principle, or faithful
492 .. unctuous means marked by a smug or false earnestness, or insincere, therefore sincere is the most dissimilar
493 .. hubris means exaggerated pride or self-confidence
494 .. to bemuse means to make confused, or to bewilder; to clarify means to make free from confusion
495 .. contrite means penitent for sin or failing; rueful means regretful
496 .. to beset means to trouble or harass; to hector means to intimidate or harass
497 .. penurious means given to extreme stinginess or frugality, which is the opposite of generous
498 .. perfidy means an act of disloyalty, or betrayal
499 .. ascription means the act of referring to a supposed cause, source, or author; attribution means the act of explaining by indicating a cause, or the act of ascribing a work to a particular author or artist
500 .. to fustigate means to criticize severely, which is the opposite of to praise
501 .. a bagatelle is a trifle (something of little value or importance); a bauble is a trinket or a trifle